The following is a list of prescriptive instructional design models. Prescriptive models provide guidelines or frameworks to organize and structure the process of creating instructional activities. These models can be used to guide your approach to the art or science (your choice) of instructional design. The following are commonly accepted prescriptive design models:
- 4C-ID Model (Jeroen van Merriënboer)
- Algo-Heuristic Theory (Lev Landa)
- ADDIE Model
- ARCS (John Keller)
- ASSURE (Heinich, Molenda, Russel, and Smaldino)
- Backward Design (Wiggins & McTighe)
- Cognitive Apprenticeship (Edmondson)
- Conditions of Learning (Robert Gagne)
- Component Display Theory (David Merrill)
- Criterion Referenced Instruction (Robert Mager)
- Dick and Carey
- Elaboration Theory
- Gerlach-Ely Model
- Hannafin-Peck Model
- Kirk and Gustafson Model
- Instructional Systems Design ISD
- Integrative Learning Design Framework for Online Learning (Debbaugh)
- Iterative Design
- Spiral Model (Boehm)
- Rapid Prototyping (Tripp & Bichelmeyer)
- Kemp Design Model (Morrison, Ross, and Kemp)
- Organizational Elements Model (OEM) (Roger Kaufman)
- Transactional Distance (Michael Moore)
- Cognitive Apprenticeship
- Discovery Learning
- Empathic instructional design
- Goal-based scenarios
Objective Taxonomies
- Cognitive Domain (Benjamin Bloom)
- Affective Domain (David Krathwohl)
- Psycho-motor Domain (Elizabeth Jane Simpson)